Discovery of oxidation contaminants in commercial cholesterol"About 40 years ago, someone noticed that the commercial cholesterol used for research was contaminated by oxidation and that pure cholesterol did not cause the same toxic effects." September 2018 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Denial of objective generalization in science by reductionism"The prevailing reductionist philosophy of science denies that generalization is an objective process and has vehemently attacked the idea that intention or purpose governs biological, biochemical, and genetic changes." September 2017 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Critique of the scientific approach to organismic adaptation"By defining the organism and environment in line with their ideology of mechanistic reductionism, official science has fundamentally misrepresented the nature of organismic adaptation." September 2017 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of sodium in circulatory weakness and various ailments"Building on Brewer's research, I realized that additional sodium should also help in other situations where circulation is inefficient. Premenstrual water retention, insomnia, and even high blood pressure often respond very well to it." Nutrition For Women |
Connection between estrogen dominance and infertility in mice due to limited oxygen availability"Infertility in mice is also associated with an increased ratio of estrogen to progesterone. My research showed that the likely mechanism by which excess estrogen causes infertility is by limiting oxygen availability." Nutrition For Women |
Estrogen, reproductive aging, and cancer theories"This oxygen-inhibiting effect of estrogen suggests a convergence of research on reproductive aging with Warburg's theory, which states that impaired respiration is the primary defect in cancer – and also with Selye's observation that the effect of estrogen resembles the initial shock phase of the stress response." Nutrition For Women |
Nutritional and nutrient recommendations for managing stress-related mineral imbalances"Under stress, adrenal hormones and mineral metabolism become unbalanced – whether the cause is an unstructured lifestyle or surgical injury. The diet should contain about 90 grams of protein (in frequent meals), eggs as a sulfur source (needed, for example, for the synthesis of joint lubricants), and maintain a high magnesium-to-calcium ratio (as with vegetables, bran, fruit) while keeping phosphate intake low (this includes replacing some meat portions with green leaves and also using cheese). Vitamins C, E, and pantothenic acid are needed in especially large amounts under stress. Vitamins A and B2 are also essential for producing anti-stress hormones. Inositol is known to protect biological material from many types of damage and might have this effect in arthritis, but I am not aware of any research on this specific application." Nutrition For Women |
Shutes' Vitamin E Research Shows Benefits in Heart Disease"The Shutes conducted extensive research on the use of vitamin E in heart disease and found that pharmacological doses of 400 mg per day or more are beneficial. They also recommended it to prevent thrombosis in other parts of the vascular system." Nutrition For Women |
Psychoactive Substances and Their Effects on Chronic Diseases"During LSD research, it was observed that people with chronic headaches, asthma, or psoriasis sometimes fully recovered during treatment with frequent LSD doses. Another alkaloid derived from ergot, bromocriptine, is now used to suppress lactation (such as that caused by a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor, which can develop after the use of oral contraceptives) and is experimentally used to treat Parkinson's disease. Both LSD and bromocriptine shift the balance of two brain chemicals, DOPA and serotonin, toward DOPA dominance. One consequence of this is the inhibition of prolactin release. Excess prolactin is involved in breast cancer and other cell proliferation, probably also in the rapid cell division seen in psoriasis." Nutrition For Women |
Urgency to Adopt a Holistic Approach to Understand Developmental Processes"The holistic view of the organism and its adaptation potentials, as advocated by Hippocrates and Aristotle, was discarded by the new science of recent centuries. Regaining and creatively using this perspective has become urgent if we want to understand developmental processes – including aging and degenerative diseases." November 2017 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Early Research on the Harmful Effects of Estrogen"Almost as soon as purified estrogen became available for research in the 1930s, its ability to trigger inflammation, cancer, miscarriages, and seizures was recognized." November 2016 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Improving the quality of basic scientific education"It is true that pathophysiological conclusions based on scientific foundational knowledge were very often wrong. But the solution is to improve the quality of basic scientific education, rather than giving up active thinking and passively following guidelines set by companies interested in the most profitable treatments." May 2019 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Medical reductionism and pharmaceutical industry interests"The basic assumption of medical reductionism is that the parts of a system can be understood and defined, and that these definitions can be trusted as a basis for pathophysiological thinking. To the extent that pharmaceutical industry interests have directed research, publication, and education, the facts – the basic sciences – need to be reconsidered." May 2019 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Post-World War II shift: control of science passes to funders"Immediately after World War II, governments, companies, and foundations began to take increasing interest in science. As research funding grew, control over science shifted from the researchers themselves to the funding institutions." May 2017 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Pentagon funding: Chomsky's linguistics for military precision"Funded by the Pentagon, Chomsky's linguistic research was seen as a way to improve military command and control – with computers programmed to use language with great precision." May 2017 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Suppression of McClintock's insight on stress-induced genetic adaptability by dogma"McClintock's insight that stress can trigger genetic adaptability was completely unacceptable to the dogmatic genetic determinism that firmly controlled research institutions. That's why her work was almost invisible for nearly 30 years – until the genetic engineering industry revived it." March 2021 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Evaluation of science in Ling's time"I don't think you can think about Gilbert Ling's work (which began in the 1940s) without evaluating how the science industry operated at that time – at least in the USA and England. Science has its rules, but they don't apply when the prevailing ideology or paradigm is challenged." March 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Scientific Culture and The Truman Show“The situation in our scientific culture is similar to the Jim Carrey film The Truman Show – except that very few of those involved understand that it is a constructed illusion.” March 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Ling’s ‘Living State’ Challenges Conventions“For many years, the scientific culture in the USA has at times condemned holism, intentionality, consciousness, epigenetics, self-organization, and self-regulation – along with vitalism – as unscientific and superstitious. In the 1960s, Gilbert Ling’s idea of a ‘living state’ had echoes of holism and self-regulation, but one of the most offensive things about it was that it proposed explaining all biological processes based on known laws of physics and principles of physical chemistry.” March 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Ling’s Criticism of the Sodium Pump Theory“While biologists claimed to defend mechanistic-materialistic science against vitalism, they were actually rarely able to think in physical-chemical terms – and that was exactly the core of Ling’s work. His criticism of the sodium pump in the cell membrane made it clear that this pump was merely the ‘ghost in the machine’ needed to animate the conventional theory of the living cell.” March 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Ghost Art and Contemporary Science“In 1960, the painter David Alfaro Siqueiros said that the Rockefellers and the US government had created a ghost art – abstract expressionism – to destroy society’s consciousness. A large part of contemporary science was a ghost science: a mental barrier imposed on society that limits our ability to perceive the nature of our problems and possibilities.” March 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The Decline of Urea in the Treatment of Brain Injuries“Even in the 1950s, urea was considered the most effective treatment for brain swelling. However, the membrane theory-based logic of the science at the time assumed that removing water from cells is always controlled by osmosis, and since urea can remove water from cells, it must be osmotically active. As an osmolyte, it was administered intravenously in distilled water, and the red blood cells behaved as they would in distilled water: they dissolved. The report that urea causes hemolysis led to its use in treating brain injuries being generally discontinued.” March 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Criticism of the Receptor Doctrine"The receptor doctrine is part of an ideological attitude toward life – an attitude that wants things to be clearly definable and straightforward. The fact that hormones and neurotransmitters can crucially interact with things that are not their receptors was mostly ignored, if not outright denied. The professionalization of science over the last 150 years has created a culture in which authoritative claims can be accepted for decades without any supporting evidence at all." July 2019 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Depersonalization in scientific writing as a propaganda technique"The writing style in scientific journals is explicitly designed to depersonalize language to convey an impression of objectivity. This is a propaganda technique that contributes nothing to scientific objectivity." July 2018 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Misinterpreted studies on the effects of vitamin E in JAMA"Around 1980, a friend showed me an article in JAMA warning about the dangers of vitamin E and citing many studies. Most of the articles the author used as evidence for harmful effects of vitamin E actually reported biological changes that the researchers considered beneficial." July 2018 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Development of immunological research"Refinements of Ehrlich's idea of specific neutralizing antibodies dominated immunological research and were recognized with several Nobel Prizes between 1960 and 1996. Public thinking about vaccine theory has not progressed beyond these ideas." January 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of inflammation in universal pathology"Until the beginning of this century, inflammation was mostly seen as simply a constructive part of the local healing process, but it began to be recognized that it plays a universal role in pathology. Tissue damage was no longer viewed as purely a local event. Research was driven to a reassessment of Metchnikoff's holistic, developmental view of immunity. Bystander effects – the release of substances by any injured cell that trigger similar damage in other cells, even in distant parts of the body (Koturbash, 2007; Kovalchuk, 2016) – and the associated persistent epigenetic changes are part of innate immunity. This system is activated by adjuvants, as is the adaptive immune system that produces antibodies." January 2020 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Bias in scientific journal publications"The major scientific journals avoid publishing things that are not compatible with the current belief system. Therefore, the facts supporting the principles taught at universities are undeniably selectively picked – first by editors and then by professors." January 2019 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Official science versus experience-based approaches"Mainstream science – the official science massively funded by the state and industry – has developed an ideology based on a metaphysical view of matter as something known a priori. Another, experience-based science that does not commit to a specific doctrine about the nature of matter has barely managed to survive into this century – in the work of a few scattered individuals." January 2019 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Ehrlich's view: Biology beyond physical chemistry"Ehrlich believed* that physical chemistry was not applicable to biology, and this attitude – promoted by the pharmaceutical industry – has persisted in official science to this day. Physics and chemistry had become state sciences by the end of the 18th century, and with Ehrlich, biology became a commercial science." January 2019 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Unbiased exploration of the properties of living substance"Responsiveness or sensitivity is a property of living substance that must be explored without assumptions – along with other properties like polarity and intentionality, which have guided the best research of the past." January 2019 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Understanding of time: Mainstream science vs. anti-reductionist perspectives"The understanding of time is the point where the most radical difference lies between the prevailing philosophy of science and the anti-reductionist dissidents." January 2018 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Insights from decades of research on cell physiology"In 1968 or 1969, I had read the previous 50 years of research on cell physiology, and I saw that Gilbert Ling had, almost alone for over 20 years, offered a view of the cell that was physically possible at all." 1998 - Ray Peat's Newsletter - 4 |
Critique of today's scientific culture in cell studies"I have seen articles in major scientific journals drawing important conclusions from the non-existent positive charge supposedly present on the outside of cells. Such things have passed editors and reviewers because these ideas are so widespread in our scientific culture. Less obvious but equally false, other ideas are even more widespread. The use of various microelectrode techniques has provided a wealth of information about cellular electrical responses, but – except for the work of Gilbert Ling and a few others – the significance of the data is obscured by a huge culture of imaginative theories." 1998 - Ray Peat's Newsletter - 2 |
The limits of function-based naming in science and psychology"Psychologists have found that naming an object after a specific function often limits the way people can use it. This also happens in science. When we know a function of a substance and name it after that function, it becomes harder to think of its other possible roles." August-September 1995 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of estrogen and cortisol in epileptic seizures and brain diseases"Estrogen increases the brain's susceptibility to epileptic seizures, and recent research shows that it (and cortisol) enhances the effects of excitotoxins, which are increasingly linked to degenerative brain diseases." August-September 1995 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Interaction of iron with vitamin C and lipid peroxidation"The interaction of iron with vitamin C (and other reducing agents) and unsaturated fats, which leads to lipid peroxidation, was the dominant topic in research on the toxic effects of iron." June 1994 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of ATP in shock treatment and the limits of science"An intravenous injection of ATP heals shock, restores normal blood flow and tissue function – but once again, the concept of membranes and their pumps has kept mainstream science on its relatively sterile track." April 1994 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Salt supplements to normalize pregnancy-induced high blood pressure"Two research projects showed that very high salt supplements reliably normalized high blood pressure in women with pregnancy toxemia." June 1992 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Ammonia and its metabolic relatives in biological regulation"For several years I have been interested in the biological effects of ammonia and compounds metabolically related to it. There is clear evidence of the antiviral effect of ammonia, which prompted extensive research by pharmaceutical companies searching for patentable antiviral amines. Most simple substances have regulatory functions in themselves, alongside their involvement in other systems. Besides viral immunity, I think ammonia is involved in regeneration and nerve modulation. Urea, inosine, GABA, the polyamines, and betaine derivatives (e.g., gamma-butyrobetaine) are closely related to ammonia metabolism, and combinations of these will likely have many useful biological effects." July 1991 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
The role of holistic science for human and ecological health"Human (and ecological) health should obviously benefit from the advantages of holistic science. The actual situation, however, is that biology and medicine have become very product-oriented, and holistic considerations are increasingly left to a variety of fringe professions. Many of these alternative approaches deal with the idea of energy as the key to health, but generally lack simple and effective methods to optimize biological energy, and often use counterproductive methods." October 1990 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Physics and the underestimated complexity of matter"Physics provides a much richer picture of the properties and possibilities of the material world than geneticists recognize. Even many physicists do not realize how much richness is contained in the totality of the experimental results of their field." October 1990 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Cell interactions beyond contact: Self-assembly in cells"Many other research directions on adsorption fields and long-range order make it clear that the interactions of atoms and molecules in cells do not necessarily have to be determined by direct contact or random movement. When cell components are rearranged, they return to their normal position relative to other components – demonstrating a great capacity for self-assembly or self-organization." October 1990 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Toxic effects of unsaturated oils on health and metabolism"Research showing the toxic effects of unsaturated oils goes back more than 60 years. An article published in my 1985 newsletter cites some of the most important sources. These substances inhibit many enzymes (e.g., in digestion, immunity, clot breakdown, thyroid function), disrupt mitochondrial energy production, and impair communication between cells. We hear very little about these toxic effects, and there is not much funding for further research in these areas." February.March 1989 - Ray Peat's Newsletter |
Ray Peat on Science
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